a high mountain

ὄρος, ους, τό (Hom.+) pl. τὰ ὄρη; gen., uncontracted ὀρέων (as early as X., An. 1, 2, 21 [Kühner-Bl. I 432]; SIG 646, 18 [170 B.C.]; LXX [Thackeray 151; Helbing 41f]; EpArist 119. Joseph. prefers ὀρῶν.—Schweizer 153; B-D-F §48; Mlt-H. 139) Rv 6:15; 1 Cl; Hermas (Reinhold 52); a relatively high elevation of land that projects higher than a βοῦνος (‘a minor elevation, hill’), mountain, mount, hill (in Eng. diction what is considered a ‘mountain’ in one locality may be called a ‘hill’ by someone from an area with extremely high mountain ranges; similar flexibility prevails in the use of ὄρος, and the Eng. glosses merely suggest a comparative perspective; in comparison w. Mt. Everest [8848 meters] or Mount McKinley [6194 meters] any mountain in Palestine is a mere hill) w. βουνός Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 23:30 (Hos 10:8). W. πέτρα Rv 6:16; cp. vs. 15. W. πεδίον (SIG 888, 120f) Hs 8, 1, 1; 8, 3, 2. W. νῆσος Rv 6:14; 16:20. As the scene of outstanding events and as places of solitude (PTebt 383, 61 [46 A.D.] ὄρος denotes ‘desert’; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 40 Zoroaster withdraws fr. among men and lives ἐν ὄρει; Herm. Wr. 13 ins. Hermes teaches his son Tat ἐν ὄρει) mountains play a large part in the gospels and in the apocalypses: Jesus preaches and heals on ‘the’ mountain Mt 5:1 (HCarré, JBL 42, 1923, 39–48; Appian, Mithrid. 77 §334 understands τὸ ὄρος in ref. to the Bithynian Olympus, but without naming it.—On the Sermon on the Mount s. GHeinrici, Beiträge II 1899; III 1905; JMüller, D. Bergpredigt 1906; KProost, De Bergrede 1914; HWeinel, D. Bergpr. 1920; KBornhäuser, D. Bergpr. 1923, ²1927; PFiebig, Jesu Bergpr. 1924; GKittel D. Bergpr. u. d. Ethik d. Judentums: ZST 2, 1925, 555–94; ASteinmann, D. Bergpr. 1926; AAhlberg, Bergpredikans etik 1930; MMeinertz, Z. Ethik d. Bergpr.: JMausbach Festschr. ’31, 21–32; HHuber, D. Bergpredigt ’32; RSeeberg, Z. Ethik der Bergpr. ’34; JSchneider, D. Sinn d. Bergpr. ’36; ALindsay, The Moral Teaching of Jesus ’37; MDibelius, The Sermon on the Mount ’40; TSoiron, D. Bergpr. Jesu ’41; DAndrews, The Sermon on the Mount ’42; HPreisker, D. Ethos des Urchristentums² ’49; HWindisch, The Mng. of the Sermon on the Mount [tr. Gilmour] ’51; WManson, Jesus the Messiah ’52, 77–93; TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54; GBornkamm, Jesus v. Naz. ’56, 92–100, 201–4 [Eng. tr. by JRobinson et al. ’60, 100–109, 221–25]; JJeremias, Die Bergpredigt ’59; JDupont, Les Béatitudes, I, rev. ed. ’58; II, ’69; W Davies, The Setting of the Sermon on the Mount, ’64; JManek, NovT 9, ’67, 124–31; HDBetz, The Sermon on the Mt [Hermeneia] ’95.—On the site of the Sermon, CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gosp., ’63, 204–13); 8:1; 15:29; calls the twelve Mk 3:13; performs oustanding miracles J 6:3; prays Mt 14:23; Mk 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28; ApcPt 2:4. On an ὄρος ὑψηλόν (Lucian, Charon 2) he is transfigured Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 and tempted Mt 4:8; the risen Christ shows himself on a mountain (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 1) Mt 28:16. Jesus is taken away by the Holy Spirit εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ μέγα τὸ Θαβώρ GHb 20, 61 (cp. Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 139, 8: gnostic speculation]); likew. the author of Rv ἐπὶ ὄρος μέγα κ. ὑψηλόν Rv 21:10. From the top of one mountain the angel of repentance shows Hermas twelve other mountains Hs 9, 1, 4; 7ff. On the use of mt. in apocalyptic lang. s. also Rv 8:8; 17:9 (ἑπτὰ ὄρ. as En 24:2. Cp. JohJeremias, D. Gottesberg 1919; RFrieling, D. hl. Berg im A u. NT 1930). GJs 22:3 ὄρ. θεοῦ, where follows ἐδιχάσθη τὸ ὄρ. and ἦν τὸ ὄρ. ἐκεῖνο διαφαῖνον αὐτῇ φῶς the mt. split and that mt. was a bright light for her. On theophanies and mountain motif s. JReeves, Heralds of That Good Realm ’96, 148f.—Of the mt. to which Abraham brought his son, to sacrifice him there 1 Cl 10:7 (cp. Gen 22:2; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.). Esp. of Sinai (over a dozen sites have been proposed for it) τὸ ὄρος Σινά (LXX.—τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρ. Jos., Ant. 2, 283f) Ac 7:30, 38; Gal 4:24f; 11:3 (cp. Is 16:1); 14:2 (cp. Ex 31:18); 15:1; also without mention of the name: Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40); 12:20 (cp. Ex 19:13); 1 Cl 53:2; 4:7. Of the hill of Zion (Σιών) Hb 12:22; Rv 14:1. τὸ ὄρ. τῶν ἐλαιῶν the Hill or Mount of Olives (s. ἐλαία 1; about 17 meters higher than Jerusalem) Mt 21:1; 26:30; Mk 14:26; Lk 19:37; 22:39; J 8:1 al. τὸ ὄρ. τὸ καλούμενον Ἐλαιῶν Lk 19:29; 21:37; Ac 1:12 (s. ἐλαιών). Of Mt. Gerizim, about 868 meters in height (without mention of the name) J 4:20f (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 10; 13, 74).—πόλις ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη a city located on an eminence or hill Mt 5:14 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 203 πόλις ἐπʼ ὄρους κειμένη). Also πόλις οἰκοδομημένη ἐπʼ ἄκρον ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ Ox 1 recto, 17 (GTh 32) (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀστέριον says this city was so named ὅτι ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ ὄρους κειμένη τοῖς πόρρωθεν ὡς ἀστὴρ φαίνεται).—Pl. τὰ ὄρη hills, mountains, hilly or mountainous country (somet. the sing. also means hill-country [Diod S 20, 58, 2 an ὄρος ὑψηλὸν that extends for 200 stades, roughly 40 km.; Polyaenus 4, 2, 4 al. sing. = hill-country; Tob 5:6 S]) AcPl Ha 5, 18; as a place for pasture Mt 18:12.—Mk 5:11; Lk 8:32. As a remote place (s. above; also Dio Chrys. 4, 4) w. ἐρημίαι Hb 11:38. As a place for graves (cp. POxy 274, 27 [I A.D.]; PRyl 153, 5; PGrenf II, 77, 22: the grave-digger is to bring a corpse εἰς τὸ ὄρος for burial) Mk 5:5. Because of their isolation an ideal refuge for fugitives (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 30 §130 ἐς ὄρος ἔφυγεν=to the hill-country; 1 Macc 9:40) φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρ. (Plut., Mor. 869b οἱ ἄνθρωποι καταφυγόντες εἰς τὰ ὄρη διεσώθησαν; Jos., Bell. 1, 36, Ant. 14, 418) Mt 24:16; Mk 13:14; Lk 21:21.—Proverbially ὄρη μεθιστάνειν remove mountains i.e. do something that seems impossible 1 Cor 13:2; cp. Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 11:23. Of God: μεθιστάνει τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ τοὺς βουνοὺς καὶ τὰς θαλάσσας (God) is moving from their places the heavens and mountains and hills and seas Hv 1, 3, 4 (cp. Is 54:10 and a similar combination PGM 13, 874 αἱ πέτραι κ. τὰ ὄρη κ. ἡ θάλασσα κτλ.).—B. 23. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ὑψηλός, ή, όν (Hom.+)

① pert. to considerable extension upward, tall, high, lit. ὄρος a high mountain (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 103; Diod S 14, 99, 1; Ezk 40:2; PsSol 11:4; TestLevi 2:5) Mt 4:8; 17:1; Mk 9:2; Lk 4:5 v.l.; Rv 21:10. τεῖχος (JosAs 2:17; cp. Jos., Ant. 20, 191) vs. 12 (in both places w. μέγα). ὑψηλὸν σπήλαιον a lofty cave B 11:4 (Is 33:16). Also of human or human-like figures tall (Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 1 νεανίσκος; Plut., Aemil. Paul. 264 [18, 3]; Jdth 16:6; on motif of tallness in lit. s. Leutzsch, Hermas 479f n. 194) Hs 8, 1, 2; 9, 3, 1; ὑψ. τῷ μεγέθει 9, 6, 1.—Comp. ὑψηλότερος w. gen. of comparison (Lucian, Nigrin. 25; En 26:3; TestAbr B) Hs 9, 2, 1. ὑψηλότερος τῶν οὐρανῶν γενόμενος raised to greater heights than the heavens Hb 7:26 (DSilva, DLNT 360f). Moses stands on two shields ὑψηλότερος πάντων B 12:2.—μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ Ac 13:17; cp. 1 Cl 60:3 (s. βραχίων).—Subst. (PsSol 11:2 στῆθι, Ιερουσαλημ, ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ; Appian, Liby. 130 §620 ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ=on a high place, Bell. Civ. 3, 28 §110 τὰ ὑψηλά=the high places; likew. Diod S 20, 29, 9) τὰ ὑψηλά the height(s) (GrBar 4:10; Sb 6797, 33 [255/254 B.C.])=heaven ἐν ὑψηλοῖς on high (Ps 92:4; 112:5, cp. vs. 4) Hb 1:3.

② pert. to being arrogant, exalted, proud, haughty, fig. ext. of 1, subst. τὸ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὑψηλόν what is considered exalted among humans Lk 16:15. ὑψηλὰ φρονεῖν cherish proud thoughts, feel proud (Quint. Smyrn. [IV A.D.] 2, 327) Ro 11:20; 1 Ti 6:17 v.l. (ὑψ. φρονεῖν=‘think lofty thoughts’: Lucian, Herm. 5; Philo, Ebr. 128). τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονεῖν strive after things that are (too) high, be too ambitious, prob. ‘don’t be a social climber’ Ro 12:16 (cp. Palaeph., Exc. Vat. p. 94, 6; 1 Km 2:3, and on the contrast ὑψ. … ταπεινός: Περὶ ὕψους 43, 3). οἱ ὑψηλοί the proud, the haughty, the high and mighty (sing.: Philo, Mos. 1, 31) 1 Cl 59:3; B 19:6; D 3:9.

③ pert. to being of high quality, noble, sublime the neut. of the comp. as adv. (Περὶ ὕψους 43, 3), ὀφείλομεν πλουσιώτερον καὶ ὑψηλότερον προσάγειν τῷ φόβῳ αὐτοῦ B 1:7, here either in a good sense, of richer and higher progress in the fear of God, or (more prob. in view of the thematic connection w. ch. 2 w. focus on appropriate sacrifice): we ought to make a costlier and more sublime sacrifice in the fear of God.—B. 852. DELG s.v. ὕψι 4. M-M.

αἰπύνωτος

on a high mountain-ridge: masc /fem acc sg

αἰπύνωτος

on a high mountain-ridge: neut nom /voc /acc sg

αἰπύνωτος

on a high mountain-ridge: masc /fem acc sg

αἰπύνωτος

on a high mountain-ridge: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἄκρον, ου, τό (Hom.+; really neut. of ἄκρος W-S. §20, 12c; Rob. 775) high point, top ὄρους of a mountain (Ex 34:2) Hs 9, 1, 4; ἐπʼ ἄκρον ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ[ς] on the top of a high mountain (Is 28:4) Ox 1 recto, 16 (ASyn. 53, 22; cp. GTh 32). τὸ ἄ. τῆς ῥάβδου the top of his staff Hb 11:21 (Gen 47:31). τὸ ἀ. τοῦ δακτύλου (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 383 τὰ ἄκρα τῶν δακτύλων; cp. 4 Macc 10:7; Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 65; Jos., Ant. 11, 234; Just., D. 91, 2 of the arms of the cross) a finger tip Lk 16:24; of the tip of a stick Hs 8, 1, 14; 8, 10, 1.—Extreme limit, end (Pla., Phd. 109d ἄ. τῆς θαλάσσης; POxy 43 verso I, 17; PThéad 19, 12; En 26:4; Jos., Ant. 14, 299; τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Theoph. Ant. 2, 35 [p. 188, 10]): ἀπʼ ἄ. οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄ. αὐτῶν from one end of heaven to the other Mt 24:31 (Dt 30:4; Ps 18:7; cp. Dt 4:32; Jos., Ant. 19, 6 ἀπʼ ἄκρων ἐπʼ ἄκρα; Just., D. 64, 7 ἀπʼ ἄκρων τῶν οὐρανῶν). The expr. found in the OT pass. mentioned is mixed w. the one found in Dt 13:8 and Jer 12:12 (cp. PsSol 17:31) in ἀπʼ ἄ. γῆς ἕως ἄ. οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27.—B. 854; 856. DELG s.v. ἀκ-. M-M s.v. ἄκρο.

βαθύκνημος

with high mountain-spurs: masc /fem /neut gen sg (epic)

βαθύκνημος

with high mountain-spurs: masc /fem acc pl

βαθύκνημος

with high mountain-spurs: masc /fem nom sg

αἰπύ-νωτος, ον,

A on a high mountain-ridge, of Dodona, A.Pr. 830.

βᾰθῠ-κνημος, ον,

A with high mountain-spurs,

Πλαταιαί Nonn.D.4.336

.

οἰκοδομέω (οἰκοδόμος; Hdt.; ins, pap, LXX, En, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr) impf. ᾠκοδόμουν; fut. οἰκοδομήσω; 1 aor. ᾠκοδόμησα also without augment οἰκοδόμησα (ApcMos 40; on the augment s. W-S. §12, 5a; Mlt-H. 191); pf. ᾠκοδόμηκα LXX; plpf. 3 sg. ᾠκοδομήκει (Just., D. 127, 3). Pass.: impf. 3 sg. ᾠκοδομεῖτο; 1 fut. οἰκοδομηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ᾠκοδομήθην (v.l.) or οἰκοδομήθην (other edd., J 2:20); perf. inf. ᾠκοδομῆσθαι (οἰ-Lk 6:48b); ptc. οἰκοδομημένος (Ox 1 recto, 15f [GTh 32]); ᾠκοδομημένος Hv 3, 2, 6; plpf. 3 sg. ᾠκοδόμητο.

① to construct a building, build

ⓐ w. obj. acc. build, erect (oft. pap [Mayser II/2 p. 315, 30ff]; Jos., Ant. 15, 403 al.; Did., Gen 29, 7) οἰκίαν (Diod S 14, 116, 8; Lucian, Charon 17) Lk 6:48a. τὰς οἰκοδομάς GJs 9:3; pass. (Sb 5104, 2 [163 B.C.] οἰκία ᾠκοδομημένη; PAmh 51, 11; 23) Lk 6:48b. πύργον (Is 5:2) Mt 21:33; Mk 12:1; Lk 14:28; Hs 9, 3, 1; 4; 9, 12, 6; pass. Hv 3, 2, 4ff; 3, 3, 3; 3, 5, 5; 3, 8, 9; Hs 9, 3, 2; 9, 5, 2; 9, 9, 7; cp. 9, 9, 4. ναόν Mk 14:58; 16:3 (Is 49:17); pass. J 2:20 (Heliodorus Periegeta of Athens [II B.C.]: 373 Fgm. 1 Jac. says of the Acropolis: ἐν ἔτεσι ε̄ παντελῶς ἐξεποιήθη; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 33, 13); 16:6 (cp. below; the ‘scripture’ pass. is interpreted spiritually). ἀποθήκας Lk 12:18 (opp. καθαιρεῖν; s. this 2aα). τοὺς τάφους τῶν προφητῶν the tombs of the prophets Mt 23:29 (s. EKlosterman² ad loc.). τὰ μνημεῖα τῶν προφητῶν the monuments for the prophets Lk 11:47 (μνημεῖον 1).—οἰκ. τινί τι build someth. for someone (Gen 8:20; Ex 1:11; Ezk 16:24) συναγωγὴν οἰκ. τινί Lk 7:5. οἰκ. τινὶ οἶκον Ac 7:47, 49; 16:2 (the last two Is 66:1).—W. the obj. acc. and foll. by ἐπί w. acc. or w. gen: τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν build the house on the rock Mt 7:24. ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον on the sand vs. 26 (proverbial: Plut. VII p. 463, 10 Bern. εἰς ψάμμον οἰκοδομεῖς). πόλις ἐπὶ τ. ὄρους Lk 4:29 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 97). ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 6:49. πόλις οἰκοδομημένη ἐπʼ ἄκρον ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ a city that is built on the top of a high mountain Ox 1 recto, 15f (GTh 32). πύργος ἐπὶ ὑδάτων Hv 3, 3, 5; ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν Hs 9, 14, 4 (opp. χαμαὶ οὐκ ᾠκοδόμηται).

ⓑ abs.

α. when the obj. can be supplied fr. the context (Did., Gen. 33, 27) Lk 11:48; 14:30.—Cp. Hv 3, 1, 7; 3, 4, 1a; 3, 10, 1; Hs 9, 4, 1.

β. but also entirely without an obj. (Theoph. Ant. 2, 13 [p. 132, 4f]) ᾠκοδόμουν they erected buildings Lk 17:28. οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες the builders, the masons (after Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11 v.l.; 1 Pt 2:7; 6:4. Also with no ref. to the Ps passage: Hs 9, 4, 4; 9, 6, 6.

γ. οἱ λίθοι οἱ ἤδη ᾠκοδομημένοι the stones already used in the building Hv 3, 5, 2; cp. Hs 9, 6, 3.

ⓒ build up again, restore, a sense that οἰκ. can receive fr. the context (Josh 6:26; Ps 50:20; 68:36) Mt 26:61; 27:40; Mk 15:29; 16:3 (Is 49:17).—S. also 2.

② to construct in a transcendent sense (as in Hermas passages given under 1, where the tower is a symbol of the church) build: of the building up of the Christian congregation/church (cp. Ruth 4:11; θεμελιώσαντες καὶ οἰκοδομήσαντες οἱ μακάριοι ἀπόστολοι τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Iren. 3, 3, 3 [Harv. II 10, 1]) ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν on this rock I will build my congregation/church Mt 16:18. ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες οἰκοδομεῖσθε οἶκος πνευματικός like living stones let yourselves be built up (pass.) or build yourselves up (mid., so Goodsp., Probs. 194f) into a spiritual house 1 Pt 2:5. Paul refers to missionary work where another Christian has begun activities as ἐπʼ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκ. building on another’s foundation Ro 15:20. He also refers to his negative view of law in relation to the Christ-event as a building, and speaks of its refutation as a tearing down (καταλύειν), and of returning to it as a rebuilding (s. 1c above) Gal 2:18. This is prob. where 11:1 belongs, where (followed by citations of Scripture) it is said of the Israelites that they do not accept the baptism that removes sin, but ἑαυτοῖς οἰκοδομήσουσιν will build up someth. for themselves. In another pass. B calls the believer a πνευματικὸς ναὸς οἰκοδομούμενος τῷ κυρίῳ a spiritual temple built for the Lord 16:10; cp. vs. 6f.—Hermas’ temple-building discourse mentions angels entrusted by God with οἰκοδομεῖν building up or completion of his whole creation Hv 3, 4, 1b.—(In this connection cp. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 38, 16 γυνὴ οἰκοδομηθεῖσα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ [of Eve]).

③ to help improve ability to function in living responsibly and effectively, strengthen, build up, make more able. οἰκ. is thus used in a nonliteral sense and oft. without consciousness of its basic mng. (Straub p. 27), somewhat like edify in our moral parlance (this extended use is found as early as X., Cyr. 8, 7, 15 and in LXX: Ps 27:5; Jer 40:7. Also TestBenj 8:3.—JWeiss on 1 Cor 8:1). Of the Lord, who is able to strengthen the believers Ac 20:32. Of the congregation, which was being built up 9:31.—Esp. in Paul: ἡ ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ love builds up (in contrast to γνῶσις, which ‘puffs up’) 1 Cor 8:1 (=Dg 12:5). πάντα ἔξεστιν, ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ everything is permitted, but not everything is beneficial 10:23. ὁ λαλῶν γλώσσῃ ἑαυτὸν οἰκοδομεῖ• ὁ δὲ προφητεύων ἐκκλησίαν οἰκοδομεῖ 14:4; cp. vs. 17. οἰκοδομεῖτε εἷς τὸν ἕνα strengthen one another 1 Th 5:11. In 1 Cor 8:10 the apostle is prob. speaking ironically, w. ref. to the ‘strong’ party at Corinth, who declare that by their example they are benefiting the ‘weak’: οὐχὶ ἡ συνείδησις αὐτοῦ οἰκοδομηθήσεται εἰς τὸ τὰ εἰδωλόθυτα ἐσθίειν; will not his conscience be ‘strengthened’ so that he will eat meat offered to idols? (difft. MargaretThrall, TU 102, ’68, 468–72).—Of Paul’s letters, by which δυνηθήσεσθε οἰκοδομεῖσθαι εἰς τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑμῖν πίστιν you will be able to build yourselves up in the faith that has been given you Pol 3:2.—HCremer, Über den bibl. Begriff der Erbauung 1863; HScott, The Place of οἰκοδομή in the NT: PT 2, 1904, 402–24; HBassermann, Über den Begriff ‘Erbauung’: Zeitschr. für prakt. Theol. 4 1882, 1–22; CTrossen, Erbauen: ThGl 6, 1914, 804ff; PVielhauer, Oikodome (d. Bild vom Bau vom NT bis Clem. Alex.), diss. Hdlbg. ’39; PBonnard, Jésus-Christ édifiant son Église ’48.—B. 590. DELG s.v. δέμω. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἀναφέρω fut. ἀνοίσω LXX (also Just., D. 112 al.), 2 aor. ἀνήνεγκα (late form) and ἀνήνεγκον (B-D-F §80; 81; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 263); pf. ἀνενήνοχα LXX. Pass.: fut. ἀνενεχθήσομαι LXX; aor. ἀνηνέχθην (s. φέρω; Hom.+ in var. mngs.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 10:9 L; TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 10:4; ParJer; GrBar 8:4; ApcSed [-φέρυσται 10:3;-φέρνεται p. 133, 36 Ja.]; ApcMos 32; ApcZeph; Philo, Aet. M. 64; Jos., Bell. 1, 234, C. Ap. 1, 232)

① to cause to move from a lower position to a higher, take, lead, bring up, of pers. ἀ. αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλόν he led them up a high mountain Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2. Pass. ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τ. οὐρανόν he was taken up into heaven (of Romulus: Plut., Numa 60 [2, 4]; of Endymion: Hes., Fgm. 148 Rz. τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνα ἀνενεχθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς εἰς οὐρανόν; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 57 and 58 p. 264, 17) Lk 24:51 (MParsons, The Departure of Jesus in Luke-Acts ’87). ἀναφερόμενοι εἰς τὰ ὕψη IEph 9:1.

② to carry and hand over someth. to someone, deliver ἀνήνεγκεν τῷ ἱερεῖ (Mary) delivered to the priest her purple and scarlet embroidery work GJs 12:1 (pap; mss. v.l. ἀπ-). Of food, Syn. w. αἴρω GJs 18:2 (s. αἴρω 2b).

③ to offer as a sacrifice, offer up, specif. a cultic t.t. (SIG 56, 68; Lev 17:5; 1 Esdr 5:49; Is 57:6; 2 Macc 1:18; 2:9 al.; ParJer 9:1f; Did., Gen. 219, 15) ἀ. θυσίας ὑπέρ τινος offer sacrifices for someth. Hb 7:27. ἀ. τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον (Gen 8:20; Lev 14:20; Bar 1:10; 1 Macc 4:53; Just., D. 118, 2 θυσίας) offer up someone on the altar Js 2:21. Of Jesus’ sacrifice: ἑαυτὸν ἀνενέγκας when he offered up himself Hb 7:27. τὰς ἀμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον he himself brought our sins in his body to the cross 1 Pt 2:24 (cp. Dssm., B 83ff [BS 88f]). Pol 8:1 (Is 53:12).—Fig. (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 214b χάριν=render thanks to the divinity) ἀ. θυσίαν αἰνέσεως offer up a sacr. of praise Hb 13:15 (cp. 2 Ch 29:31). ἀ. πνευματικὰς θυσίας 1 Pt 2:5. ἀ. προσευχάς offer prayers 2 Cl 2:2. ἀ. δέησιν περί τινος offer up a petition for someth. B 12:7.

④ take up as a burden, take up. In Is 53:11 ἀ. is used to translate סָבַל, in vs. 12 for נָשָׂא, and in the corresponding passages in our lit. ἀ. is often rendered ‘bear’ or ‘take away’. But ἀ. seems not to have these meanings. Very often, on the contrary, it has a sense that gives ἀνα its full force: lay or impose a burden on someone, give something to someone to bear, as a rule, in fact, to someone who is not obligated to bear it (Aeschyl., Choeph. 841 ἄχθος; Polyb. 1, 36, 3; 4, 45, 9; Diod S 15, 48, 4; 32, 26, 1; Appian, Liby. 93; Syr. 41, where the other defendants were τὴν αἰτίαν ἐς τὸν Ἐπαμεινώνδαν ἀναφέροντες, i.e. putting the blame on Epaminondas. The Lex. Vind. p. 12, 3 sees in Eur., Or. 76 ἐς Φοῖβον ἀναφέρουσα τ. ἁμαρτίαν and in Procop. Soph., Ep. 7 p. 535 H. proof that ἀναφέρειν is used ἀντὶ τοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν εἰς ἕτερον τιθέναι.) In a case in which a man takes upon himself the burden that another should have borne, then ἀ.= take upon oneself (Thu. 3, 38, 3 ἡ πόλις τὰ μὲν ἆθλα ἑτέροις δίδωσιν, αὐτὴ δὲ τοὺς κινδύνους ἀναφέρει=the city gives the prizes to others, but she takes the dangers upon herself). Christ was once for all offered up in this respect (εἰς 5) that he assumed the sins of many Hb 9:28. Cp. 1 Cl 16:12, 14.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `mountain, height'; also (in Egypt) `desert' in contrast to cultivated plain (Il.).

Other forms: w. metr. length. οὔρ-εος, - εα etc. (ep.), also ὤρ-εος, - εα (Theoc.); Megar. ὄρρος and Chalcid. (RPh. 71, 1997, 170)

Compounds: As 1. member 1. w. unenlarged stem a.o. in ὀρεσκῳ̃ος (s. v.); 2. themat. enlarged e.g. in ὀρεο-σέλινον n. `mountain-parsley' (Thphr.; Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzn. 33 a. 116); 3. often in dat. sg. (= loc.), e.g. ὀρει-δρόμος `roming in the mountains' (Pi., E., Nonn.), after thir a.o. ὀρεί-χαλκος m. `mountain ore, brass (h. Hom. 6, 9, Hes. Sc. 122; Risch 59, 27; on the meaning Michell ClassRev. 69, 21 f.), Lat. LW [loanword] orichalcum, folketym. auri-; also ὠρό-χαλκος (Peripl. M. Rubr., PGiss. 47, 6; - ο- in comp.boundary, ὠ- = Lat. au-?); 4. in dat. pl., e.g. ὀρεσί-τροφος `grown up in the mountains' (Hom.).

Derivatives: 1. ὀρέσ-τερος `living in the mountains, to consist of mountains' (Χ 93; Chantraine Études 36 w. n.3 a. lit.); 2. ὄρειος (= *ὄρεσ-ιος), ep. lyr. οὔρ-, `mountainous' (h. Merc. 244), f. - ειάς (AP), as subst. `mountain-nymph' (Bion, Nonn.); 3. ὀρεινός (\< *ὀρεσ-νός) `id.' (IA.); 4. Όρέσ-της m. PN (Il.) with Όρεστ-άδης (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 184), ὀρέστ(ε)ιον n. = ἑλένιον (Dsc., Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzenn. 102); Όρέσ-ται m. pl. "highlander", name of an Epeirotic people (Th.); ὀρεστ-ιάδες νύμφαι (Ζ 420, h. Hom. 19, 19); metr. for *ὀρεστ-άδ- (Schwyzer 508); ὀρεστ-ίας m. `mountain wind' (Call.; like Όλυμπίας a.o., Chantraine Form. 95); 5. ὀρώδης `mountainous' (EM).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [326] * h₃er- `rise'

Etymology: Prop. prob. *"elevation" as verbal noun of ὄρνυμαι, ὀρέσθαι `rise etc.' (s.v. w. lit.); cf. Chantraine Form. 417, Schwyzer 512 and Porzig Satzinhalte 300 (so * h₃er-os). A further deriv. of this s-stems may be found in Skt. r̥ṣ-vá- `ricing up, high'; vgl. auch ὄρρος und ὀρσοθύρη.

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μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα (Hom.+) comp. μείζων and beside it, because of the gradual disappearance of feeling for its comp. sense, μειζότερος 3J 4 (APF 3, 1906, 173; POxy 131, 25; BGU 368, 9; ApcSed 1:5 [cp. J 15:13]; s. B-D-F §61, 2; W-S. §11, 4; Mlt-H. 166; Gignac II 158). Superl. μέγιστος (2 Pt 1:4).

① pert. to exceeding a standard involving related objects, large, great

ⓐ of any extension in space in all directions λίθος Mt 27:60; Mk 16:4. δένδρον Lk 13:19 v.l. (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]). κλάδοι Mk 4:32. Buildings 13:2. Fish J 21:11. A mountain (Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 4, 8 D.²; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 138; Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 78 Jac.) Rv 8:8. A star vs. 10. A furnace 9:2 (ParJer 6:23). A dragon (Esth 1:1e; Bel 23 Theod.) 12:3, 9. ἀετός (Ezk 17:3; ParJer 7:18 [RHarris; om. Kraft-Purintun]) vs. 14. μάχαιρα a long sword 6:4. ἅλυσις a long chain 20:1. πέλαγος AcPl Ha 7, 23 (first hand).

ⓑ with suggestion of spaciousness ἀνάγαιον a spacious room upstairs Mk 14:15; Lk 22:12. θύρα a wide door 1 Cor 16:9. A winepress Rv 14:19 (ληνός μ. ‘trough’ JosAs 2:20); χάσμα a broad chasm (2 Km 18:17) Lk 16:26. οἰκία (Jer 52:13) 2 Ti 2:20.

ⓒ with words that include the idea of number ἀγέλη μ. a large herd Mk 5:11. δεῖπνον a great banquet, w. many invited guests (Da 5:1 Theod.; JosAs 3:6) Lk 14:16. Also δοχὴ μ. (Gen 21:8) Lk 5:29; GJs 6:2.

ⓓ of age (Jos., Ant. 12, 207 μικρὸς ἢ μέγας=‘young or old’); to include all concerned μικροὶ καὶ μεγάλοι small and great (PGM 15, 18) Rv 11:18; 13:16; 19:5, 18; 20:12. μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ Ac 26:22. ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου (Gen 19:11; 4 Km 23:2; 2 Ch 34:30; POxy 1350) 8:10; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34). μέγας γενόμενος when he was grown up 11:24 (Ex 2:11). ὁ μείζων the older (O. Wilck II, 144, 3 [128 A.D.]; 213, 3; 1199, 2; LXX; cp. Polyb. 18, 18, 9 Σκιπίων ὁ μέγας; 32, 12, 1) Ro 9:12; 13:2 (both Gen 25:23).

② pert. to being above average in quantity, great πορισμός a great means of gain 1 Ti 6:6. μισθαποδοσία rich reward Hb 10:35.

③ pert. to being above standard in intensity, great δύναμις Ac 4:33; 19:8 D. Esp. of sound: loud φωνή Mk 15:37; Lk 17:15; Rv 1:10; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (LXX; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; ApcMos 5:21) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; 23:23 (Φωναῖς μεγάλαις), 46; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 5:12; 6:10 al.; μεγ. φωνῇ (ParJer 5:32); Ac 14:10; 16:28; μεγ. τῇ φωνῇ (ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) 14:10 v.l.; 26:24; ἐν φωνῇ μ. Rv 5:2. μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης with a loud trumpet call Mt 24:31. κραυγή (Ex 11:6; 12:30) Lk 1:42; Ac 23:9; cp. μεῖζον κράζειν cry out all the more Mt 20:31. κοπετός (Gen 50:10) Ac 8:2.—Of natural phenomena: ἄνεμος μ. a strong wind J 6:18; Rv 6:13. λαῖλαψ μ. (Jer 32:32) Mk 4:37. βροντή (Sir 40:13) Rv 14:2. χάλαζα Rv 11:19; 16:21a. χάλαζα λίαν μ. σφόδρα AcPl Ha 5, 7. σεισμὸς μ. (Jer 10:22; Ezk 3:12; 38:19; Jos., Ant. 9, 225) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Lk 21:11a; Ac 16:26. γαλήνη μ. a deep calm Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; φῶς μ. a bright light (JosAs 6:3; ParJer 9:18 [16]; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine voice sounds forth from this light; Petosiris, Fgm. 7, ln. 39 τὸ ἱερὸν ἄστρον μέγα ποιοῦν φῶς) Mt 4:16a; GJs 19:2 (Is 9:1). καῦμα μ. intense heat Rv 16:9 (JosAs 3:3).—Of surprising or unpleasant events or phenomena of the most diverse kinds (ἀπώλεια Dt 7:23; θάνατος Ex 9:3; Jer 21:6; κακόν Philo, Agr. 47) σημεῖα (Dt 6:22; 29:2) Mt 24:24; Lk 21:11b; Ac 6:8. δυνάμεις 8:13. ἔργα μ. mighty deeds (cp. Judg 2:7) Rv 15:3. μείζω τούτων greater things than these J 1:50 (μείζονα v.l.); cp. 5:20; 14:12. διωγμὸς μ. a severe persecution Ac 8:1; θλῖψις μ. (a time of) great suffering (1 Macc 9:27) Mt 24:21; Ac 7:11; Rv 2:22; 7:14. πειρασμός AcPl Ha 8, 22. πληγή (Judg 15:8; 1 Km 4:10, 17 al.; TestReub 1:7; TestSim 8:4; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 134) 16:21b. θόρυβος GJs 21:1; AcPl Ha 1, 28f (restored, s. AcPlTh [Aa I 258, 6]) λιμὸς μ. (4 Km 6:25; 1 Macc 9:24) Lk 4:25; Ac 11:28; ἀνάγκη μ. Lk 21:23; πυρετὸς μ. a high fever (s. πυρετός) 4:38.—Of emotions: χαρά great joy (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4; 4:2 al.; Jos., Ant. 12, 91) Mt 2:10; 28:8; Lk 2:10; 24:52. φόβος great fear (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 10; Menand., Fgm. 388 Kö.; Jon 1:10, 16; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 18 [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1; GrBar 7:5) Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9; 8:37; Ac 5:5, 11; AcPl Ha 3, 33. θυμὸς μ. fierce anger (1 Macc 7:35) Rv 12:12. μείζων ἀγάπη greater love J 15:13. λύπη profound (Jon 4:1; 1 Macc 6:4, 9, 13; TestJob 7:8) Ro 9:2. σκυθρωπία AcPl Ha 7, 36. πίστις firm Mt 15:28. ἔκστασις (cp. Gen 27:33; ParJer 5:8, 12) Mk 5:42.

④ pert. to being relatively superior in importance, great

ⓐ of rational entities: of God and other deities θεός (SIG 985, 34 θεοὶ μεγάλοι [LBlock, Megaloi Theoi: Roscher II 2523–28, 2536–40; SCole, Theoi Megaloi, The Cult of the Great Gods at Samothrace ’84]; 1237, 5 ὀργὴ μεγάλη τ. μεγάλου Διός; OGI 50, 7; 168, 6; 716, 1; PStras 81, 14 [115 B.C.] Ἴσιδος μεγάλης μητρὸς θεῶν; POxy 886, 1; PTebt 409, 11; 22 ὁ θεὸς μ. Σάραπις, al.; PGM 4, 155; 482; 778 and oft.; 3052 μέγ. θεὸς Σαβαώθ; 5, 474; Dt 10:17 al. in LXX; En 103:4; 104:1; Philo, Cher. 29 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 319; SibOr 3, 19; 71 al.—Thieme 36f) Tit 2:13 (Christ is meant). Ἄρτεμις (q.v.) Ac 19:27f, 34f (cp. Ael. Aristid. 48, 21 K.=24 p. 471 D. the outcry: μέγας ὁ Ἀσκληπιός); s. New Docs 1, 106 on this epithet in ref. to deities. Simon the magician is called ἡ δύναμις τ. θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη Ac 8:10b (s. δύναμις 5). The angel Michael Hs 8, 3, 3; cp. 8, 4, 1.—Of people who stand in relation to the Divinity or are otherw. in high position: ἀρχιερεύς (s. ἀρχιερεύς 2a and ἱερεύς aβ.—ἀρχ. μέγ. is also the appellation of the priest-prince of Olba [s. PECS 641f] in Cilicia: MAMA III ’31 p. 67, ins 63; 64 [I B.C.]) Hb 4:14. προφήτης (Sir 48:22) Lk 7:16. ποιμήν Hb 13:20. Gener. of rulers: οἱ μεγάλοι the great ones, those in high position Mt 20:25; Mk 10:42. Of people prominent for any reason Mt 5:19; 20:26; Mk 10:43; Lk 1:15, 32; Ac 5:36 D; 8:9 (MSmith, HWolfson Festschr., ’65, 741: μ. here and Lk 1:32 may imply a messianic claim).—μέγας in the superl. sense (2 Km 7:9.—The positive also stands for the superl., e.g. Sallust. 4 p. 6, 14, where Paris calls Aphrodite καλή=the most beautiful. Diod S 17, 70, 1 πολεμία τῶν πόλεων=the most hostile [or especially hostile] among the cities) Lk 9:48 (opp. ὁ μικρότερος).—Comp. μείζων greater of God (Ael. Aristid. 27, 3 K.=16 p. 382 D.; PGM 13, 689 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, τὸν πάντων μείζονα) J 14:28; Hb 6:13; 1J 3:20; 4:4. More prominent or outstanding because of certain advantages Mt 11:11; Lk 7:28; 22:26f; J 4:12; 8:53; 13:16ab; 1 Cor 14:5. More closely defined: ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζων greater in power and might 2 Pt 2:11. μεῖζον τοῦ ἱεροῦ someth. greater than the temple Mt 12:6. μείζων with superl. mng. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 7, 8 Wagner: Ὀδυσσεὺς τρεῖς κριοὺς ὁμοῦ συνδέων … καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ μείζονι ὑποδύς; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 87 §366 ἐν παρασκευῇ μείζονι= in the greatest preparation; Vett. Val. 62, 24; TestJob 3:1 ἐν μείζονι φωτί) Mt 18:1, 4; 23:11; Mk 9:34; Lk 9:46; 22:24, 26.

ⓑ of things: great, sublime, important μυστήριον (GrBar 1:6; 2:6; ApcMos 34; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 100 al.; Just., A I, 27, 4) Eph 5:32; 1 Ti 3:16. Of the sabbath day that begins a festival period J 19:31; MPol 8:1b. Esp. of the day of the divine judgment (LXX; En 22:4; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 7 Tdf.; Just., D. 49, 2 al.; cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]) Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Jd 6; Rv 6:17; 16:14. Of Paul’s superb instructional ability μ̣ε̣γάλῃ καθ̣[ηγήσει] AcPl Ha 6, 30f.—μέγας in the superl. sense (Plut., Mor. 35a w. πρῶτος; Himerius, Or. 14 [Ecl. 15], 3 μέγας=greatest, really great; B-D-F §245, 2; s. Rob. 669) ἐντολή Mt 22:36, 38. ἡμέρα ἡ μ. τῆς ἑορτῆς the great day of the festival J 7:37 (cp. Lucian, Pseudolog. 8 ἡ μεγάλη νουμηνία [at the beginning of the year]); Mel., P. 79, 579; 92, 694 ἐν τῇ μ. ἐορτῇ; GJs 1:2; 2:2 (s. deStrycker on 1:2). Of Mary’s day of parturition ὡς μεγάλη ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα what a great day this is GJs 19:2. μείζων as comp. (Chion, Ep. 16, 8 philosophy as νόμος μείζων=higher law; Sir 10:24) J 5:36; 1J 5:9. μ. ἁμαρτία J 19:11 (cp. schol. on Pla. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα; Ex 32:30f). τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα the more important spiritual gifts (in the sense Paul gave the word) 1 Cor 12:31. As a superl. (Epict. 3, 24, 93; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ὕβλαι: the largest of three cities is ἡ μείζων [followed by ἡ ἐλάττων, and finally ἡ μικρά=the smallest]. The comparative also performs the function of the superlative, e.g. Diod S 20, 22, 2, where πρεσβύτερος is the oldest of 3 men) Mt 13:32; 1 Cor 13:13 (by means of the superl. μ. Paul singles out from the triad the one quality that interests him most in this connection, just as Ael. Aristid. 45, 16 K. by means of αὐτός at the end of the θεοί singles out Sarapis, the only one that affects him).—The superl. μέγιστος, at times used by contemporary authors, occurs only once in the NT, where it is used in the elative sense very great, extraordinary (Diod S 2, 32, 1) ἐπαγγέλματα 2 Pt 1:4.—On the adv. usage Ac 26:29 s. ὀλίγος 2bβ.—Neut. pl. μεγάλα ποιεῖν τινι do great things for someone Lk 1:49 (cp. Dt 10:21). λαλεῖν μεγάλα καὶ βλασφημίας utter proud words and blasphemies Rv 13:5 (Da 7:8; cp. En 101:3). ἐποίει μεγ̣[ά]λα καὶ [θα]υ̣[μά]σ̣ι̣α̣ (Just., A I, 62, 4) (Christ) proceeded to perform great and marvelous deeds AcPl Ha 8, 33/BMM verso 6.

⑤ pert. to being unusual, surprising, neut. μέγα εἰ … θερίσομεν; is it an extraordinary thing (i.e. are we expecting too much = our colloquial ‘is it a big deal’) if we wish to reap? 1 Cor 9:11. οὐ μέγα οὖν, εἰ it is not surprising, then, if 2 Cor 11:15 (on this constr. cp. Pla., Menex. 235d; Plut., Mor. 215f; Gen 45:28; s. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 2, ’36, 46).—B. 878f; 1309. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `at the farthest point, topmost, outermost' (Il.). Old ἄκρα f., ἄκρον n. `highest or farthest point, headland, cape'; Hom. κατ' ἄκρης ( πόλιος) `from the highest point down' hence `completely, utterly', also κατ' ἄκρηθεν (which became κατὰ κρῆθεν through association with κάρα), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff.

Compounds: ἀκρόπολις (Od.; the Iliad still has ἄκρη πόλις, Frisk IF 52, 282ff., Risch IF 59, 20); ἀκραής often interpreted as `blowing vehemently', but prob. orig.`blowing on\/from the heights'.

Derivatives: ἄκρις, - ιος f. `hill-top, mountain peak' (Od.), always pl.; s. on ὄκρις. ἀκραῖος `dwelling on heights'.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [18] *h₂eḱ- `sharp, pointed; stone (?)'

Etymology: The root *h₂eḱ- is widespread in IE, and ther are several r-derivatives: Skt. áśri- f. `corner, sharp side', catur-aśra- `quadrangular', Lat. ācer, - ris, -re (with unexplained length), W. PN Aχrotalus `with high forehead', OIr. ér `high', OLith. aštras, OCS ostrъ `sharp'. (For akro- in Illyrian s. Krahe Pannonia 1937, 310 n. 40, Karg WuS NF. 4, 183.) - Heth. ḫekur `rock(point)' is unrelated. - See further ἀκη, ἀκμή and ὄκρις. Connection with the root *h₂eḱ- was often unjustly assumed by modern scholarship, see e.g. ἀκαλήφη, ἀκόστη, ἄκορνα, ἀκριβής.

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Grammatical information: adv.?

Meaning: uncertain (hapax, α 320); the mountain (in the Oeta) and the pass through which the Persians circumvented the pass of Thermopylae (Hdt. 7, 216).

Other forms: ἀνοπαῖα Hdn. 2, 133; ἀνόπαιος epithet of fire (Emp. 51 `on high, though the smoke-hole'?)

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]

Etymology: Already unclear in antiquity (s. DELG). Bechtel Lex. thinks that it is a hypostasis of ἀνὰ τῃ̃ ὀπῃ̃ `on high through the hole of the roof'. Chantraine thinks it must be an adverb (n.pl.) because of the short -α.

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αἰπεινός, ή, όν, ([etym.] αἰπύς) poet. Adj.

A high, lofty, of cities on heights,

Ἴλιον Il.9.419

, al., cf. A.Fr. 284, S.Tr. 858 (lyr.), Ph. 1000;

αἰθήρ B. 8.34

; of Delphi,

μαντεῖα E. Ion 739

; of mountain-tops,

κάρηνα Il.2.869

, Od.6.123.

II metaph.,

1 αἰ. λόγοι hasty, wicked words, Pi.N.5.32.

2 hard to reach, σοφίαι μὲν αἰ. Id.O.9.108.

αὐχήν, ένος, ὁ,

A neck, throat, of men and beasts, Il.7.12, Hes.Op. 815, Arist.HA 493a5, PA 691b29: rarely, gullet, Nic.Th. 350: in pl., of one neck, S.Fr.659.4, Orph.L. 137, AP5.27 (Rufin.).

2 metaph., τὸν αὐ. ἱστάναι to be high-spirited, Philostr.VA7.23; αὐχένα ὑψηλὸν ἀποθέσθαι Vett. Val.261.16.

II metaph., any narrow band or connexion (like a neck):

1 neck of land, isthmus, Hdt.1.72,6.37, X.An.6.4.3.

2 narrow sea, strait, of the Bosporus, Hdt.4.85, 118; αὐ, πόντου, of the Hellespont, A.Pers.72 (lyr.); of the point at which the Danube spreads from a single stream into several branches, Hdt.4.89.

3 mountain-pass, defile, Id.7.223.

4 neck of the thigh-bone, Hp.Art.55; cervix uteri, Id.Steril.230, Poll. 2.222 (but, pars vaginalis, Gal.UP14.3); root of the tongue, Ruf. Onom.57.

5 handle of the steering-paddle in a ship, Poll.1.90: in pl., Polyaen.3.11.14, Hld.5.28.

6 an architectural member,

αὐχένες δρύινοι SIG2587.308

. (Cf.

αὔφην; ἄμφην Theoc.30.28

.)

τείνω, Il.16.365, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

τενῶ Ar.Th. 1205

, ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Grg. 458b, ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.Med. 585: [tense] aor.

ἔτεινα Il.4.124

, [dialect] Ep.

τεῖνα 3.261

: [tense] pf.

τέτᾰκα D.H. 19.12

, etc., ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Grg. 465e:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τενοῦμαι ([etym.] παρα-) Th.3.46, ([etym.] προ-) D.14.5: [tense] aor. ἐτεινάμην, [dialect] Ep. τειν-, A.R.2.1043, 4.705, ([etym.] προ-) Hdt. 9.34, ([etym.] δι-) Antipho 5.46, Pl.Ti. 78b:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. τᾰθήσομαι ([etym.] παρα-) Id.Ly. 204c: [tense] aor. ἐτάθην [ᾰ] S.Ant. 124 (lyr.), etc., [dialect] Ep.

τάθην Il.23.375

: [tense] pf.

τέτᾰμαι Hes.Op. 549

, etc.: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. and pl. τέτατο, τέταντο, Od.11.11, Il.4.544; [ per.] 3 dual τετάσθην ib. 536:— stretch by force, pull tight,

κυκλοτερὲς μέγα τόξον ἔτεινε Il.4.124

;

ἐπ' Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τείνοντα πάλαι τόξον A.Ag. 364

(anap.); ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας having tied the reins tight to the chariot-rail, Il.5.262; ναὸς πόδα τείνας keeping the sheet taut, S.Ant. 716;

κάλων τείνας οὔριον εὐφροσυνᾶν IG14.793

;

οἱ ἀπείρως κατ' εὐθὺ τείνοντες Sor.1.73

; τῷ ψιμύθῳ.. παρειήν make it (look) full, AP11.374 (Maced.):—[voice] Med., τείνατο τόξα stretched his bow, A.R.2.1043, cf. Orph.A. 589; of tendons, etc., Gal. 18(2).58, al.:—[voice] Pass., [ἱμὰς] ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος.. τέτατο [the strap] was made tight, Il.3.372;

τελαμῶνε περὶ στήθεσσι τετάσθην 14.404

; τέταθ' ἱστία were stretched taut, Od.11.11.

2 metaph., stretch or strain, ἶσον τείνειεν πολέμου τέλος strain the issue of war even, Il.20.101:—[voice] Pass.,

τῶν ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο πτόλεμός τε 12.436

, 15.413, cf. Hes.Th. 638; τέτατο κρατερὴ ὑσμίνη the fight was strained, was intense, Il.17.543; ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος their pace was strained to the utmost, 23.375; τοῖσι δ' ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος they set off at full speed from the starting-line, ib. 758, Od.8.121: τ. αὐδάν strain the voice, raise it high, A.Pers. 574 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass. also, exert oneself, be anxious, Pi.I.1.49;

ἀμφ' ἀρεταῖς Id.P.11.54

.

3 stretch out, spread,

ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ Il.16.365

; ἐπὶ νὺξ τέταται βροτοῖσι night is spread over them, Od.11.19;

ἀὴρ τέταται μακάρων ἐπὶ ἔργοις Hes.Op. 549

; of light,

αἴγλαν ἃ τέταται S.Ph. 831

(lyr.), cf. Pl.R. 616b; of sound,

ἀμφὶ νῶτ' ἐτάθη πάταγος S.Ant. 124

(lyr.); δίκτυα τ. X.Cyn. 6.9;

ψυχὴν διὰ παντός Pl.Ti. 34b

.

b Gramm., lengthen a syllable, A.D.Pron.55.1:—[voice] Pass., ib.27.25, cf. 11.1 fin.

4 aim at, direct towards a point, prop. from the bow,

ἐπὶ Τροίᾳ τ. τὰ θεῶν ἀμάχητα βέλη S.Ph. 198

(anap.): metaph., ἔς τινα τ. φόνον aim, design death to one, E.Hec. 263 (but τ. φόνον prolong murder, Id.Supp. 672); τ. λόγον

εἴς τινα Pl.Phd. 63a

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐς σὲ τ. γλῶσσα E.Rh. 875

;

ἡ ἅμιλλα τέταται πρὸς τοῦτο Pl.Phdr. 271a

, cf. Lg. 770d, R. 581b.

II stretch out in length, lay, ζυγὰ ἐπιπολῆς τ. Hdt.2.96:—[voice] Pass., lie out at length, lie stretched,

ἐπὶ γαίῃ κεῖτο ταθείς Il.13.655

; ἐν κονίῃσι τετάσθην, τέταντο, 4.536, 544; ταθεὶς ἐνὶ δεσμῷ hanging stretched in chains, Od.22.200; [φάσγανον] ὑπὸ λαπάρην τέτατο hung along or by his side, Il.22.307; διὰ.. αἰθέρος.. τέταται extends, Emp.135, cf. 100.2;

τῶν ἐκ τῆς χώρας λεωφόρων εἰς τὴν πόλιν τεταμένων Pl.Lg. 763c

;

φλὲψ.. διὰ τοῦ κοίλου τείνεται Arist.HA 513b3

: τεταμένος sts. becomes a mere Adj., long, αὐχένα.. τεταμένον τῇ φύσει, of birds, Id.PA 692b20; in Gramm., of a long vowel, PBouriant 8 i 1, 14.

2 stretch or hold out, present,

τινὰ ἐπὶ σφαγάν E.Or. 1494

(lyr.); ἀσπίδα, δόρυ, AP7.147 (Arch.), 720 (Chaerem.); τὴν χεῖρά τινι or ἐπί τι, A.R. 4.107, 1049:—[voice] Med., τείνεσθαι χέρε, γυῖα, δειρήν, one's hands, etc., Theoc.21.48, A.R.1.1009, 4.127, etc.;

συὸς τέκος Id.4.705

; ἑανούς ib. 1155.

3 extend, lengthen, of Time,

τὸν μακρὸν τ. βίον A. Pr. 537

(lyr.), cf. E.Med. 670;

αἰῶνα Id. Ion 625

;

τόνδ' ἐτεινάτην λόγον A.Ch. 510

;

μακροὺς τ. λόγους E.Hec. 1177

; τί μάτην τείνουσι βοήν; (where others interpr. it like τ. αὐδάν, v. supr. 1.2) Id.Med. 201 (anap.);

πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφὴ.. μακρὰν ἔτεινας A.Ag. 1296

, cf. S.Aj. 1040.

B intr., of geographical position, stretch out or extend, παρ' ἣν (sc. λίμνην)

τὸ.. ὄρος τείνει Hdt.2.6

; τὸ πρὸς Λιβύης.. ὄρος ἄλλο τείνει ib.8;

τ. μέχρι.. Id.4.38

;

ἐς.. Id.7.113

;

ἐπὶ.. X.Ages.2.17

; of a dress, ὑπὸ σφυροῖσι τ. E.Ba. 936; of a mountain, ὑψόθι τ. A.R.2.354: of Time, ἡμερολεγδὸν τείνοντα χρόνον dragging out time, A.Pers.64 (anap.):—rarely so in [voice] Pass.,

ὄρος τεταμένον τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον Hdt.2.8

.

II exert oneself, struggle,

ἐναντία τισί Pl.R. 492d

; press on, hasten,

οἱ δ' ἔτεινον ἐς πύλας E.Supp. 720

;

δηλοῖ τοὖργον, οἷ τ. χρεών Id.Or. 1129

;

τὸ μὴ τείνειν ἄγαν S.Ant. 711

;

τ. ὥς τινα Ar.Th. 1205

;

ἔτεινον ἄνω πρὸς τὸ ὄρος X.An.4.3.21

;

εὐθὺ Βαβυλῶνος Luc.Nec.6

;

τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Id.Icar.22

.

III extend to, reach,

ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Tht. 186c

;

ἐπὶ πᾶν Id.Smp. 186b

; of the veins stretching from one point to another, Arist.HA 492a20, 513a2, al., cf. Pl.Ti. 65c, Diog.Apoll.6.

2 tend, refer, belong to, τείνει ἐς σέ it refers to, concerns you, Hdt.6.109, cf. 7.135, E.Ph. 435, Hipp. 797, etc.; ποῖ τείνει καὶ εἰς τί; to what does it tend? Pl.Cri. 47c, cf. Tht. 163a, D.10.54;

μηδαμόσε ἄλλοσε Pl.R. 499a

;

πρός τι Id.Smp. 188d

, Prt. 345b;

ἐς ταὐτόν Id.Cra. 439c

.

3 τείνειν πρός τινα or τι, come near to, to be like, Id.Tht. 169b, Cra. 402c;

ἐγγύς τι τείνειν τοῦ τεθνάναι Id.Phd. 65a

, cf. R. 548d. (Cf. τανύω, Skt. tanóti 'stretch', Lat. tendo, etc.)

ἀκρό-λοφος, ον,

A high-crested, peaked,

πρῶνες Opp.C.1.418

;

πέτραι AP12.185

(Strat.):—Subst., mountain crest, Plu.Publ.22.